微(wei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)建(jian)設再獲利(li)好政(zheng)策扶持(chi)(chi)。7月24日(ri)，國家發改委、國家能源(yuan)局聯合印發《推進并網(wang)型微(wei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)建(jian)設試(shi)行辦(ban)法》(以(yi)下簡(jian)稱《試(shi)行辦(ban)法》)，鼓勵各地政(zheng)府對微(wei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)發展給予(yu)配套政(zheng)策支持(chi)(chi)，從(cong)而逐漸建(jian)立集中與分布式(shi)協同(tong)的(de)能源(yuan)生產與消(xiao)費體系。而為(wei)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)建(jian)設效(xiao)率，《試(shi)行辦(ban)法》特別提(ti)出鼓勵各地通過(guo)PPP模式(shi)開展微(wei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)項(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)設運營。在業內看來，當前我國電(dian)(dian)網(wang)壓(ya)力加大，微(wei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)有利(li)于提(ti)升分布式(shi)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)應用，實現(xian)多線能源(yuan)的(de)可靠供給。

　　所謂微(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網，是區別(bie)于主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)小型發配用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統。《試行辦(ban)法》明確，微(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)由分布(bu)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)、用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷等(deng)(deng)組成，能夠適應新(xin)能源(yuan)、分布(bu)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車等(deng)(deng)快(kuai)速(su)發展，滿足多元化(hua)接入與(yu)個性化(hua)需求。有專家進一步介(jie)紹稱(cheng)，微(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網內(nei)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力來自于天然氣、光(guang)伏(fu)及(ji)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)(deng)分布(bu)式(shi)能源(yuan)。在(zai)西北等(deng)(deng)風光(guang)資(zi)源(yuan)充足的(de)(de)地方修建大型風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場、光(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站，用戶在(zai)接入小型的(de)(de)風機、光(guang)伏(fu)等(deng)(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)設(she)備時，就能使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能就近(jin)消納，省去(qu)了在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中傳輸的(de)(de)損耗，提(ti)高(gao)了能源(yuan)的(de)(de)使(shi)用效(xiao)率(lv)。

　　有分析指出，隨著供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)峰谷(gu)差越來越大，我國電(dian)(dian)網壓力(li)與(yu)日(ri)俱增，而新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)廠對(dui)太陽能(neng)(neng)發電(dian)(dian)的利(li)用，更進一步加劇了(le)供(gong)(gong)需(xu)峰谷(gu)差，現階(jie)段解決(jue)之(zhi)策就(jiu)是發展完善(shan)基層電(dian)(dian)網，即微(wei)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)網或微(wei)電(dian)(dian)網，通(tong)過(guo)消費和生產相(xiang)結合，解決(jue)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)和其他能(neng)(neng)互(hu)相(xiang)轉化的問題(ti)，也解決(jue)了(le)新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的出路問題(ti)。

　　本(ben)次《試(shi)行辦法》指出，微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源應以(yi)(yi)當地可(ke)再生能(neng)源發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為主，或(huo)以(yi)(yi)天(tian)然氣多聯供等能(neng)源綜(zong)合利(li)(li)用為目標(biao)的(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)型(xing)式，鼓勵采用燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池等新型(xing)清潔技(ji)術(shu)。其中，可(ke)再生能(neng)源裝機容量占比(bi)在(zai)50%以(yi)(yi)上，或(huo)天(tian)然氣多聯供系統綜(zong)合能(neng)源利(li)(li)用效率在(zai)70%以(yi)(yi)上。而微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)源-網(wang)(wang)-荷一體化運(yun)營(ying)具有統一的(de)(de)運(yun)營(ying)主體，《試(shi)行辦法》鼓勵地方政府和(he)社會資本(ben)合作(PPP)，以(yi)(yi)特許(xu)經營(ying)等方式開展微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)項目的(de)(de)建設和(he)運(yun)營(ying)。此外，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)也可(ke)參(can)與新建及改(擴)建微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)，投(tou)資運(yun)營(ying)獨(du)立核算，不得納(na)入(ru)準(zhun)許(xu)成(cheng)本(ben)。

　　“在(zai)微電(dian)網建(jian)設過程中(zhong)，裝配(pei)感(gan)應器、分(fen)布式(shi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)、儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)設備都需(xu)(xu)要大量資金，如果(guo)能(neng)(neng)通過PPP模(mo)式(shi)吸引(yin)民間(jian)資本(ben)進入，將有(you)效(xiao)提高(gao)建(jian)設效(xiao)率”，中(zhong)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)網首席(xi)信息(xi)官(guan)韓曉平告訴北京商報記(ji)者，我國(guo)現(xian)有(you)的(de)微電(dian)網項目基本(ben)完成了功能(neng)(neng)互(hu)補，但在(zai)于需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)側互(hu)動方面略有(you)所欠缺，“微電(dian)網的(de)核心特性之一是實現(xian)電(dian)力就近消(xiao)納，但根(gen)據(ju)我國(guo)現(xian)行輸配(pei)電(dian)模(mo)式(shi)，所有(you)電(dian)力需(xu)(xu)經過電(dian)網公司統一配(pei)送到用(yong)戶手中(zhong)，這就推高(gao)了用(yong)電(dian)價格(ge)，也降低了用(yong)電(dian)效(xiao)率，是亟待改革的(de)環節。”

　　國家能(neng)源(yuan)局新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)和可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)處處長孔濤(tao)則指出，今后(hou)微(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)工作(zuo)規劃中(zhong)難度較高的一環(huan)是探索(suo)微(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)交易模(mo)式，即結合電(dian)(dian)力體(ti)(ti)制要求(qiu)，探索(suo)分(fen)布式新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)微(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)，將微(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)打造成(cheng)具有(you)(you)獨立(li)售電(dian)(dian)權的市場(chang)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)，可(ke)以(yi)給微(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)內部所有(you)(you)用戶(hu)供電(dian)(dian)，以(yi)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)微(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)為(wei)(wei)載體(ti)(ti)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)獨立(li)售電(dian)(dian)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)，進行光伏直供或者(zhe)與附近新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)項(xiang)目交互。